Jebsey city



S; SKILLMAN.

GAR TRUCK Patented June 23, 1868.

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IMPROVEMENT -IN OAR TRUUKS.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY GONOERN: I

Be it known that I, SIDrii-IY SKILIAIA'N, of Jersey City, in the countyof Hudson, and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Steam-Cars, for Metropolitan and other railroads; and Ido hereby declare that the following is a full an d exact descriptionthereof.

I will first describe what I consider the best means of carrying out myinvention, and will afterwards designate the points which I believe tobe new. The accompanying drawings 'forma part of this specification.

-=Figure l is a. side'view, part ly in section. v U

Figure 2 is a cross-section, and

Figure} is a plan view, parly in section.

Figure 4 is a view of a modification. I

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding partsin all thefigures, where theyoccur.

The drawings represent the novel parts, with so much of the other partsas is nebessary to indicate their relation thereto.

A is the body of the ear. The end in whieh'the passengers are carried issupported by a truck, or other- \vise, in anyof the approved styles. Theend which carries theeuginc and boiler rstsupon a truck, B, having twopairsjcf wheels, 6 b, with two engii 1'es C, acting on cranks at rightangles to each other so as to give a continuous rotatory motiouto thewheels of the truck, which thus perform the functions of drivingwheelsfor the entirestructure. The boiler D- stunds near the centre of thetruck 13, and its smoke-pipe, (Z, extendsup through the roof of the carA. So far asihas been yet described, my improved dummy agrees with thosewhich have been before known. i I p G is a stout-ring surrounding theboiler, and having truunions gg which receive correspondingly recessedthe ring G by means of these arms resting on these trunnions. H isanother ring, also surrounding the boiler and adapted to turn orswivel'around on its annular bearing, ontho surface of the truck B.There are trnnnions, h hfiwhich fit in corresponding recesses on theupper side of the ring H, before described. These recesses 3 'l are atright angles to tlietrunnions g" 1 7 By this arrangement the truck isallowed to swivel on'its centre, the centre of motion coinciding withthe centre of the boiler, so that both are inthe centre ofthe truck. Anyreasonable amount of oscillation in every arms A A" extending out fromthe body, A, of the car. The weight of this end of tlie body istransmitted to i direction is also allowed. In case the truck rises onone side in passing over an uneven part of the road, a

rocking is performed on the trunnions h h. In case the truck rocksforward and backward, in pitching over obstacles or uneven places, therocking is performed on the trunnions k h Irregular oscillations ofnll'kinds' may be performed by the joint action of this apparatus. I isa bearing-piece, supported on'the truck B, in n position nearer thecentre of the car-body, A,"th an the boiler D. This supports a portionof the weight of the car-body. That portion is transmittedthroughthepind, and bears, or is ready to hear, at all times ou thispiece I. Whenthe truck swivels around on the ring H,'it is irecessarythat this bearing-piece I shall move sidewise on the truck. This isprovided for by the ways or guides K Kfl which prevent the bearing-pieceI from moving forward or backward to any great extent, and allowit tomove laterally as for as is ever necessary: -Then the ways maybe curvedor straight; In case they are curved, theyshould be struck from thecentredfthe boiler. But it is somewhat cheaper tomake them straight, andin most casesI propose to so construct them, and to provide forthe?necessarily curvilinear motion of the bearing-piece I by simply placingthe guides K K farther apart than would be otherwise necessary, SO'tI-Sto allow some play forward and bhckward;

In locomotive-cars heretofore constructed, it has been common to providea floor for the engineer, which fi'oor is'a part of the car-body, A endnot a. part of the truck 13. In my improved construction, no such floorirint'roduced. The engineer stands directly upon .the truck B. The fuel,water, &c., may be also supported directly upon the truck.

Boilers and engines of-dummies or loccmotivc-cars are peculiarly subjectto be rocked and strained, and many failures have resulted from thiscause. I deem it a very important matter, the result of much experienceand reflection, to fix the cylinders 0 C not, as heretofore, directlyupon the boiler, but upon the framing L, which receives all thecontractile and dis tending force due to. the-action of'the engines,and'lenves the boiler free to expand and contract with heat, or springand work in anyjdirceti'on, as desired. The framing is analogens ineffect to that employed in locomotives. I

I arrange the cylinders C over the wheels, instead of forward of them.This reduces the length of the dummy. The increase in the bulk of tiremechanism above the wheels induces no considerable evil.

The connection of my stock to the other parts is peculiar. The hole P isformed in the roof of the car, a little larger than the stack (1. Thestack d is tilted to the boiler at the junction, and is sustained bybraces M, which radiate obliquely from the sides of the stack below. theroof ofthe car, and hook into eyes N, provided in the top of the boiler.The hooks m; by which these connections are formed, are madeintentionally very slight. They are sufficiently strong to support thestack d against all ordinary agitations and concussions; but when, inconsequence of running oil the track, of any other derangement, thestack is struck with violence against the roof of 'the car, so as tostrongly deflect it to one side, these hooks may break or straighten,and the stack will be allowed to bedeilected toany extent desiredwithout further injury. On righting the work again, new hooks may beapplied at an expense of a few cents, and all is again restored.

It will be readily understooddthat the positions oi" the twobearings, towit, the bearing on the ring ,H and the bearing on the bearing-piece I,will cause the .load to .be divided unequally between the two atintervals,

when the dummy is traversing over uneven parts oftho road. In passingthrough a hollow port of the road,

for example, the truck will tilt forward, so as to take the greaterportion of the load on the ring H. In passing over a ridge, the forwardedge of the truck will tilt downward, and the greater portion of theload will be received on the bearing-piece I..- This evil maybe reducedbymaking the arms A A highly elastic, and I propose in some instances tomake the connections of the body, A, to both the bearings elastic, thatis to say, using a half-elliptic spring, or other-convenient form ofspring, in place'oi' each of the arms A A, and a rubber spring or othersuitable device in place of the rigid connection of the pinJ.

I do notconsider it vitally important to the success oi" other portionsof my invention to employ two bearings, H and I. I propose in someinstances to support that portion oi" the car-body efi'ectuallyupon thering H, and in others to support it effectually upon the bearing-pieceI. In the latter caseI can keep the boiler in the centre of the truck,as now represented, or can move it. forward somewhat, but in either casethe hearing I will be considerably out oi the centre and town-rd therear of the truck 13, but 'it will be Forward of the rear axle.

In order to disconnect my car-body from the truck, I construct all theparts, so that it may be lifted by jack-screws or other convenient powerto such a height as -tomove the truck,,witlr its connections, directlyout from under it.

In order to remove the truck for repairs, or any other purpose, Idisconnect the braces M by unhooking the hooks m, and carefully liftingthe stack out of connection with the boiler. I raise the body A eitherbodily or by tilting-it up so as to raise the end which encloses theboiler and upper works oiv the truck. The object is then readilyefIected.

I attach'a high degree of importance tothe location of the bearing 1when it is used alone, that is to my;

without the bearing around the boiler. -It must, as before remarked, beover or 11. little forward of the rear axle, in order to be properlysupported, but it must be considerably in the rear of the centre of thetruck B, in order both to equalize the load on the wheels, the boilerbeing forward, and to get a suflicient load upon the rear wheels toprevent their mounting the rails, and thus running off the track inrunning backwards.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim as new insteam-cars Hid desire to secure by Letters Patent, is as follows: I

1. I claim the swivelling of'the truck n a centre coincident with thecentre of the boiler, by means of the swivelling-ring H, arrangedsubstantially as herein described.

2. I claim, in connection'with the above, the tilting ring G, turning onthe centres g g and hlt, arranged substantially as and for the purposeherein specified.

3. I claim, in combination with the boiler D, located at orforward ofthe centre of the truck, the employment of a bearing, I, in rear of thecentre of the truck, so arranged as to support or aid in supporting theweight of the car in snch manner as to throw more of its weight upon therear than upon the front axle of the truck, substantially. as and forthe purposes herein set forth.

4. I claim the within-described arrangement of the hole 1?, stack 02,boiler D, and weak braces M or their equivalents, adapted to operatetogether in the manner herein specified.

SIDNEY SKILLMAN.

Witnesses:

W. 0. Der, F. A. Hem'cxn.

